![Logarithmic scale](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Logarithmic_scale.svg)
This list contains selected positive
number
A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers c ...
s in increasing order, including counts of things,
dimensionless quantities
A dimensionless quantity (also known as a bare quantity, pure quantity, or scalar quantity as well as quantity of dimension one) is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned, with a corresponding SI unit of measurement of one (or 1) ...
and
probabilities
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1, where, roughly speaking, ...
. Each number is given a name in the
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.
Smaller than (one googolth)
![Chimpanzee seated at typewriter](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Chimpanzee_seated_at_typewriter.jpg)
* ''Mathematics – random selections:'' Approximately is a rough first estimate of the probability that a typing "
monkey
Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes, which constitutes an incomple ...
", or an English-illiterate typing robot, when
placed in front of a typewriter, will type out William Shakespeare's play ''
Hamlet
''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...
'' as its first set of inputs, on the precondition it typed the needed number of characters. However, demanding correct
punctuation
Punctuation (or sometimes interpunction) is the use of spacing, conventional signs (called punctuation marks), and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of written text, whether read silently or aloud. An ...
,
capitalization
Capitalization (American English) or capitalisation (British English) is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter (uppercase letter) and the remaining letters in lower case, in writing systems with a case distinction. The term a ...
, and spacing, the probability falls to around 10
−360,783.
* ''Computing:'' 2.2 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by an
octuple-precision IEEE floating-point value.
**1 is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a
quadruple-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
**6.5 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a
quadruple-precision IEEE floating-point value.
**3.6 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by an
80-bit x86 double-extended IEEE floating-point value.
**1 is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a
double-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
**4.9 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a
double-precision
Double-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP64 or float64) is a floating-point number format, usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.
Flo ...
IEEE floating-point
The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point arithmetic established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The standard addressed many problems found in ...
value.
**1.5 is approximately equal to the probability that in a randomly selected group of 365 people, all of them will
have different birthdays.
**1 is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a
single-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
10−100 to 10−30
![Card shuffle](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Card_shuffle.jpg)
* ''Mathematics:'' The chances of
shuffling
Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. Shuffling is often followed by a cut, to help ensure that the shuffler has not manipulated the outcome.
__TOC__
Techniques
Overha ...
a
standard 52-card deck
The standard 52-card deck of French-suited playing cards is the most common pack of playing cards used today. In English-speaking countries it is the only traditional pack used for playing cards; in many countries of the world, however, it is used ...
in any specific order is around 1.24 (or exactly )
* ''Computing:'' The number 1.4 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a
single-precision
Single-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP32 or float32) is a computer number format, usually occupying 32 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.
A floating- ...
IEEE floating-point value.
10−30
(; 1000
−10;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one nonillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one quintillionth)
ISO:
quecto-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(q)
* ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of
bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...
of all four players getting a complete
suit
A suit, lounge suit, or business suit is a set of clothes comprising a suit jacket and trousers of identical textiles worn with a collared dress shirt, necktie, and dress shoes. A skirt suit is similar, but with a matching skirt instead of tr ...
each is approximately .
10−27
(; 1000
−9;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one octillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one quadrilliardth)
ISO:
ronto-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(r)
10−24
(; 1000
−8;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one septillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one quadrillionth)
ISO:
yocto-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(y)
10−21
(; 1000
−7;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one sextillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one trilliardth)
ISO:
zepto-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(z)
* ''Mathematics:'' The probability of matching 20 numbers for 20 in a game of
keno
Keno is a lottery-like gambling game often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game in some lotteries.
Players wager by choosing numbers ranging from 1 through (usually) 80. After all players make their wagers, 20 numbers (some va ...
is approximately 2.83 × 10
−19.
10−18
![Snake eyes dice](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Snake_eyes_dice.jpg)
(; 1000
−6;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one quintillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one trillionth)
ISO:
atto-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(a)
* ''Mathematics:'' The probability of rolling
snake eyes 10 times in a row on a pair of fair dice is about .
10−15
(; 1000
−5;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one quadrillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one billiardth)
ISO:
femto-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(f)
* ''Mathematics'': The
Ramanujan constant In number theory, a Heegner number (as termed by Conway and Guy) is a square-free positive integer ''d'' such that the imaginary quadratic field \Q\left sqrt\right/math> has class number 1. Equivalently, its ring of integers has unique factoriz ...
,
is an
almost integer
In recreational mathematics, an almost integer (or near-integer) is any number that is not an integer but is very close to one. Almost integers are considered interesting when they arise in some context in which they are unexpected.
Almost inte ...
, differing from the nearest integer by approximately .
10−12
(; 1000
−4;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one trillionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one billionth)
ISO:
pico-
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(p)
* ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of
bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...
of one player getting a complete suit is approximately ().
* ''Biology:'' Human
visual sensitivity to
1000 nm light is approximately of its
peak sensitivity at
555 nm.
10−9
(; 1000
−3;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one billionth;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one milliardth)
ISO:
nano-
Nano (symbol n) is a unit prefix meaning "one billionth". Used primarily with the metric system, this prefix denotes a factor of 10−9 or . It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing Unit of measurement, units of tim ...
(n)
* ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US
Powerball
Powerball is an American lottery game offered by 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is coordinated by the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL). From its inaugural drawing on April 19, 1992, unti ...
lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 292,201,338 to 1 against, for a probability of ().
* ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the Australian
Powerball
Powerball is an American lottery game offered by 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is coordinated by the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL). From its inaugural drawing on April 19, 1992, unti ...
lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 134,490,400 to 1 against, for a probability of ().
* ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the UK
National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 13,983,815 to 1 against, for a probability of ().
10−6
(; 1000
−2;
long and short scales
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one millionth)
ISO:
micro-
''Micro'' (Greek letter μ ( U+03BC) or the legacy symbol µ (U+00B5)) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10−6 (one millionth). Confirmed in 1960, the prefix comes from the Greek ('), meaning "small".
The symbol for th ...
(μ)
![Poker Hands](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Poker_Hands.png)
* ''Mathematics –
Poker
Poker is a family of comparing card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, however in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game w ...
:'' The odds of being dealt a
royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5 ().
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a
straight flush
In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...
(other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 (0.0014%).
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a
four of a kind Four of a kind may refer to:
* Four of a kind (poker), a type of poker hand
* Four of a Kind (card game), a patience or solitaire
* ''Four of a Kind'' (TV series), an American reality series about quadruplets
* ''Four of a Kind'' (film), an Austral ...
in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4 (0.024%).
10−3
(0.001; 1000
−1; one thousandth)
ISO:
milli-
''Milli'' (symbol m) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousandth (10−3). Proposed in 1793, and adopted in 1795, the prefix comes from the Latin , meaning ''one thousand'' (the Latin plural is ). Since 1960, the pre ...
(m)
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a
full house
''Full House'' is an American television sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for ABC. The show is about widowed father Danny Tanner who enlists his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and childhood best friend Joey Gladstone to help raise his three dau ...
in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10
−3 (0.14%).
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a
flush
Flush may refer to:
Places
* Flush, Kansas, a community in the United States
Architecture, construction and manufacturing
* Flush cut, a type of cut made with a French flush-cut saw or diagonal pliers
* Flush deck, in naval architecture
* Flu ...
in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10
−3 (0.19%).
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a
straight
Straight may refer to:
Slang
* Straight, slang for heterosexual
** Straight-acting, an LGBT person who does not exhibit the appearance or mannerisms of the gay stereotype
* Straight, a member of the straight edge subculture
Sport and games
* Str ...
in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10
−3 (0.39%).
* ''Physics:'' ''α'' = , the
fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by (the Greek letter ''alpha''), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between ele ...
.
10−2
(0.01; one
hundredth
In arithmetic, a hundredth is a single part of something that has been divided equally into a hundred parts. For example, a hundredth of 675 is 6.75. In this manner it is used with the prefix "centi" such as in centimeter.
A hundredth is the re ...
)
ISO:
centi-
''Centi'' (symbol c) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundredth. Proposed in 1793, and adopted in 1795, the prefix comes from the Latin , meaning "hundred" (cf. century, cent, percent, centennial). Since 1960, the pr ...
(c)
* ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the
UK National Lottery
The National Lottery is the state-franchised national lottery established in 1994 in the United Kingdom. It is regulated by the Gambling Commission, and is currently operated by Camelot Group, to which the licence was granted in 1994, 2001 and ...
, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%).
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a
three of a kind in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%).
* ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the
Powerball
Powerball is an American lottery game offered by 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is coordinated by the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL). From its inaugural drawing on April 19, 1992, unti ...
, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2015, are 24.87 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.0402 (4.02%).
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt
two pair
In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...
in poker are 21 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).
10−1
(0.1; one tenth)
ISO:
deci-
''Deci'' (symbol d) is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth. Proposed in 1793, and adopted in 1795, the prefix comes from the Latin , meaning "tenth". Since 1960, the prefix is part of the International System ...
(d)
* ''Legal history'': 10% was widespread as the
tax
A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund government spending and various public expenditures (regional, local, or n ...
raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period; see
tithe
A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more r ...
.
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt only
one pair
In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...
in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%).
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt
no pair
In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...
in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%).
100
![Planets2013](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Planets2013.svg)
(1;
one)
* ''Demography:'' The population of
Monowi, an incorporated village in
Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
,
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, was one in 2010.
* ''Religion:'' One is the number of gods in
Judaism
Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...
,
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...
, and
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
(
monotheistic religions).
* ''Computing –
Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology Technical standard, standard for the consistent character encoding, encoding, representation, and handling of Character (computing), text expre ...
:'' One character is assigned to the
Lisu Supplement
Lisu Supplement is a Unicode block containing supplementary characters of the Fraser alphabet, which is used to write the Lisu language. This is a supplement to the main Lisu block, with currently only a single character used for the Naxi langua ...
Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ad ...
, the fewest of any public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 14.0 (2021).
* ''Mathematics:''
≈ , the ratio of the
diagonal
In geometry, a diagonal is a line segment joining two vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, when those vertices are not on the same edge. Informally, any sloping line is called diagonal. The word ''diagonal'' derives from the ancient Greek δ ...
of a
square
In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length adj ...
to its side length.
* ''Mathematics:'' φ ≈ , the
golden ratio
In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities a and b with a > b > 0,
where the Greek letter phi ( ...
.
* ''Mathematics:''
≈ , the ratio of the
diagonal
In geometry, a diagonal is a line segment joining two vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, when those vertices are not on the same edge. Informally, any sloping line is called diagonal. The word ''diagonal'' derives from the ancient Greek δ ...
of a
unit cube
A unit cube, more formally a cube of side 1, is a cube whose sides are 1 unit long.. See in particulap. 671. The volume of a 3-dimensional unit cube is 1 cubic unit, and its total surface area is 6 square units..
Unit hypercube
The term '' ...
.
* ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by most computers, the
binary
Binary may refer to:
Science and technology Mathematics
* Binary number, a representation of numbers using only two digits (0 and 1)
* Binary function, a function that takes two arguments
* Binary operation, a mathematical operation that t ...
system, uses 2 digits: 0 and 1.
*''Mathematics:''
≈ 2.236 067 9775, the correspondent to the diagonal of a rectangle whose side lengths are 1 and 2.
*''Mathematics:''
+ 1 ≈ , The ratio of smaller of the two quantities to the larger quantity is the same as the ratio of the larger quantity to the sum of the smaller quantity and twice the larger quantity.
* ''Mathematics:''
e ≈ , the base of the
natural logarithm
The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant , which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to . The natural logarithm of is generally written as , , or sometimes, if ...
.
* ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by
ternary computer
A ternary computer, also called trinary computer, is one that uses ternary logic (i.e., base 3) instead of the more common binary system (i.e., base 2) in its calculations. This means it uses trits (instead of bits, as most computers do).
Types ...
s, the
ternary
Ternary (from Latin ''ternarius'') or trinary is an adjective meaning "composed of three items". It can refer to:
Mathematics and logic
* Ternary numeral system, a base-3 counting system
** Balanced ternary, a positional numeral system, useful ...
system, uses 3 digits: 0, 1, and 2.
* ''Religion:'' three manifestations of God in the Christian
Trinity
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the F ...
.
* ''Mathematics:''
π ≈ , the ratio of a
circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. Equivalently, it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is const ...
's circumference to its diameter.
* ''Religion:'' the
Four Noble Truths
In Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths (Sanskrit: ; pi, cattāri ariyasaccāni; "The four Arya satyas") are "the truths of the Noble Ones", the truths or realities for the "spiritually worthy ones". in Buddhism.
* ''Biology:''
7_±_2,_in_
7_±_2,_in_cognitive_science">The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two">7_±_2,_in_cognitive_science,_George_Armitage_Miller.html" ;"title="cognitive_science.html" ;"title="The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two">7 ± 2, in cognitive science">The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two">7 ± 2, in cognitive science, George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller's estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in human working memory.
* ''Music'': 7 (number), 7 notes in a major scale, major or minor scale.
* ''Astronomy:'' 8 (number), 8 planets in the Solar System.
* ''Religion:'' the Eightfold Path in Buddhism.
* ''Literature:'' 9 circles of
Hell
In religion and folklore, hell is a location in the afterlife in which evil souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as eternal punishment after death. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hell ...
in the ''
Inferno
Inferno may refer to:
* Hell, an afterlife place of suffering
* Conflagration, a large uncontrolled fire
Film
* ''L'Inferno'', a 1911 Italian film
* Inferno (1953 film), ''Inferno'' (1953 film), a film noir by Roy Ward Baker
* Inferno (1973 fi ...
'' by
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: '' ...
.
101
![Two hand, ten fingers](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Two_hand%2C_ten_fingers.jpg)
(10;
ten)
ISO:
deca-
''Deca'' (American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er, International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; (da)
* ''Demography:'' The population of
Pesnopoy
Pesnopoy ( bg, Песнопой) is a village in Ardino Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern-central Bulgaria. It is located southeast of Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is ...
, a village in
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
, was 10 in 2007.
* ''Human scale:'' There are 10
digits on a pair of human
hand
A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered appendage located at the end of the forearm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs. A few other vertebrates such as the koala (which has two opposable thumbs on each "h ...
s, and 10
toe
Toes are the digits (fingers) of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being ''digitigrade''. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being ''plan ...
s on a pair of human
feet
The foot ( : feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made ...
.
* ''Mathematics:'' The number system used in everyday life, the
decimal
The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers of the Hindu–Arabic numeral ...
system, has 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
* ''Religion:'' the
Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
in the
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a group of religions centered around worship of the God of Abraham. Abraham, a Hebrew patriarch, is extensively mentioned throughout Abrahamic religious scriptures such as the Bible and the Quran.
Jewish tradition ...
.
* ''Music:'' The number of notes (12) in a
chromatic scale
The chromatic scale (or twelve-tone scale) is a set of twelve pitches (more completely, pitch classes) used in tonal music, with notes separated by the interval of a semitone. Chromatic instruments, such as the piano, are made to produce the ...
.
* ''Astrology:'' There are 12
zodiac signs
In Western astrology, astrological signs are the twelve 30-degree sectors that make up Earth's 360-degree orbit around the Sun. The signs enumerate from the first day of spring, known as the First Point of Aries, which is the vernal equinox. ...
, each one representing part of the annual path of the sun's movement across the night sky.
* ''Computing –
Microsoft Windows
Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, Windows NT for consumers, Windows Server for serv ...
:'' Twelve successive consumer versions of
Windows NT
Windows NT is a proprietary graphical operating system
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
Time-sharing operating systems sc ...
have been released as of December 2021.
* ''Music:'' The number (15) of completed, numbered
string quartet
The term string quartet can refer to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two violinists ...
s by each of
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...
and
Dmitri Shostakovich
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, , group=n (9 August 1975) was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist who became internationally known after the premiere of his Symphony No. 1 (Shostakovich), First Symphony in 1926 and was regarded throug ...
.
* ''Linguistics:'' The
Finnish language
Finnish ( endonym: or ) is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish ...
has fifteen
noun
A noun () is a word that generally functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.Example nouns for:
* Living creatures (including people, alive, d ...
cases.
* ''Mathematics:'' The
hexadecimal
In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of 16. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using 10 symbols, hexa ...
system, a common number system used in computer programming, uses 16 digits where the last 6 are usually represented by letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' The minimum possible size of a
Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ad ...
is 16 contiguous code points (i.e., U+''abcde''0 - U+''abcde''F).
* ''Computing –
UTF-16
UTF-16 (16-bit computing, 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode (in fact this number of code points is dictated by the design of UTF-16). The encoding is variab ...
/
Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology Technical standard, standard for the consistent character encoding, encoding, representation, and handling of Character (computing), text expre ...
:'' There are 17 addressable
plane
Plane(s) most often refers to:
* Aero- or airplane, a powered, fixed-wing aircraft
* Plane (geometry), a flat, 2-dimensional surface
Plane or planes may also refer to:
Biology
* Plane (tree) or ''Platanus'', wetland native plant
* ''Planes' ...
s in UTF-16, and, thus, as Unicode is limited to the UTF-16 code space, 17 valid planes in Unicode.
* ''Science fiction:'' The
23 enigma plays a prominent role in the plot of ''
The Illuminatus! Trilogy
''The Illuminatus! Trilogy'' is a series of three novels by American writers Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson, first published in 1975.''Illuminatus!'' was written between 1969 and 1971, but not published until 1975 according to Robert Anto ...
'' by
Robert Shea
Robert Joseph Shea (February 14, 1933 – March 10, 1994) was an American novelist and former journalist best known as co-author with Robert Anton Wilson of the science fantasy trilogy ''Illuminatus!'' It became a cult success and was later turned ...
and
Robert Anton Wilson
Robert Anton Wilson (born Robert Edward Wilson; January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007) was an American author, futurist, psychologist, and self-described agnostic mystic. Recognized within Discordianism as an Episkopos, pope and saint, Wilson ...
.
* ''Mathematics:''
e ≈ 23.140692633
* ''Music:'' a combined total of 24
major and minor keys, also the number of works in some musical cycles of
J. S. Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard wo ...
,
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leadin ...
,
Alexander Scriabin
Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (; russian: Александр Николаевич Скрябин ; – ) was a Russian composer and virtuoso pianist. Before 1903, Scriabin was greatly influenced by the music of Frédéric Chopin and composed ...
, and
Dmitri Shostakovich
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, , group=n (9 August 1975) was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist who became internationally known after the premiere of his Symphony No. 1 (Shostakovich), First Symphony in 1926 and was regarded throug ...
.
* ''Alphabetic writing:'' There are 26 letters in the Latin-derived
English alphabet
The alphabet for Modern English is a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, each having an upper- and lower-case form. The word ''alphabet'' is a compound of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, '' alpha'' and '' beta''. ...
(excluding letters found only in foreign loanwords).
* ''Science fiction:'' The number 42, in by
Douglas Adams
Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author and screenwriter, best known for ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Originally a 1978 BBC radio comedy, ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' developed into a " ...
, is the
which is calculated by
an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years.
* ''Biology:'' Each human cell contains 46
chromosome
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
s.
* ''Phonology:'' There are 47
phoneme
In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language.
For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-west o ...
s in
English phonology
Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system. Among ...
in
Received Pronunciation
Received Pronunciation (RP) is the Accent (sociolinguistics), accent traditionally regarded as the Standard language, standard and most Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestigious form of spoken British English. For over a century, there has been ...
.
* ''Syllabic writing:'' There are 49 letters in each of the two
kana
The term may refer to a number of syllabaries used to write Japanese phonological units, morae. Such syllabaries include (1) the original kana, or , which were Chinese characters (kanji) used phonetically to transcribe Japanese, the most pr ...
syllabaries (
hiragana
is a Japanese syllabary, part of the Japanese writing system, along with ''katakana'' as well as ''kanji''.
It is a phonetic lettering system. The word ''hiragana'' literally means "flowing" or "simple" kana ("simple" originally as contrast ...
and
katakana
is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji and in some cases the Latin script (known as rōmaji). The word ''katakana'' means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived fr ...
) used to represent
Japanese
Japanese may refer to:
* Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia
* Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan
* Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture
** Japanese diaspor ...
(not counting letters representing sound patterns that have never occurred in Japanese).
* ''
Chess
Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to disti ...
:'' Either player in a chess game can claim a draw if 50 consecutive moves are made by each side without any captures or pawn moves.
* ''Demography:'' The population of
Nassau Island, part of the
Cook Islands
)
, image_map = Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, capital = Avarua
, coordinates =
, largest_city = Avarua
, official_languages =
, lan ...
, was around 78 in 2016.
* ''Syllabic writing:'' There are 85 letters in the modern version of the
Cherokee syllabary
The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language. His creation of the syllabary is particularly noteworthy as he was illiterate until the creation of his syllabary. He f ...
.
* ''Music:'' There are 88 keys on a
grand piano
The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboa ...
.
* ''Computing –
ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of ...
:'' There are 95 printable characters in the
ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of ...
character set
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. The numerical values that ...
.
102
![ASCII-Table-wide](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ASCII-Table-wide.svg)
(100;
hundred
100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101.
In medieval contexts, it may be described as the short hundred or five score in order to differentiate the English and Germanic use of "hundred" to de ...
)
ISO:
hecto-
''Hecto'' (symbol: h) is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred. It was adopted as a multiplier in 1795, and comes from the Greek , meaning "hundred". In 19th century English it was sometimes spelled "hecato", ...
(h)
* ''Music:'' There are 104
numbered symphonies of
Franz Josef Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have l ...
.
* ''European history:'' Groupings of 100 homesteads were a common administrative unit in Northern Europe and Great Britain (see
Hundred (county division)
A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Southern Schleswig, Sweden, Finland, Norway, the Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek, C ...
).
* ''Religion:'' 108 is a sacred number in
Hinduism
Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...
.
* ''Chemistry:'' 118
chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei, including the pure substance consisting only of that species. Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler sub ...
s have been discovered or synthesized as of 2016.
* ''Computing – ASCII:'' There are 128 characters in the
ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of ...
character set, including nonprintable
control character
In computing and telecommunication, a control Character (computing), character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point (a number) in a character encoding, character set, that does not represent a written symbol. They are used as in-band ...
s.
* ''Phonology:'' The
Taa language
Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (also spelled ǃKhong and ǃXoon; ), is a Tuu languages, Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of ...
is estimated to have between 130 and 164 distinct phonemes.
* ''Political Science:'' There were 193 member states of the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
as of 2011.
* ''Computing:'' A
GIF image (or an
8-bit
In computer architecture, 8-bit Integer (computer science), integers or other Data (computing), data units are those that are 8 bits wide (1 octet (computing), octet). Also, 8-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) arc ...
image) supports maximum 256 (=2
8) colors.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' There are 320 different
Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ad ...
s as of Unicode 14.0 (2021).
* ''Aviation:'' 583 persons died in the 1977
Tenerife airport disaster
The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on March 27, 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North Airport) on the Spanish island of Tenerife. The collision occurred when KLM Flight 4 ...
, the deadliest accident not caused by deliberate terrorist action in the history of civil aviation.
* ''Music:'' The highest number (626) in the
Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (german: Köchel-Verzeichnis, links=no) is a chronological catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated ''K.'', or ''KV''. The nu ...
of works of
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
.
* ''Demography:'' The
Vatican City
Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—'
* german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ')
* pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—'
* pt, Cidade do Vati ...
, the least populous independent country, has an approximate population of 800 as of 2018.
103
![Legion Task ORG](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Legion_Task_ORG.png)
(;
thousand
1000 or one thousand is the natural number following 999 and preceding 1001. In most English-speaking countries, it can be written with or without a comma or sometimes a period separating the thousands digit: 1,000.
A group of one thousand th ...
)
ISO:
kilo-
Kilo is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting multiplication by one thousand (103). It is used in the International System of Units, where it has the symbol k, in lowercase.
The prefix ''kilo'' is derived from the Greek word (), ...
(k)
* ''Demography:'' The population of
Ascension Island
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56′ south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is about from the coast of Africa and from the coast of South America. It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory o ...
is 1,122.
* ''Music:'' 1,128: number of known extant works by
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard w ...
recognized in the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis as of 2017.
* ''Typesetting:'' 2,000–3,000 Letter (alphabet), letters on a typical typed Page (paper), page of text.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2,520 (5×7×8×9 or 2
3×3
2×5×7) is the least common multiple of every positive integer under (and including) 10.
* ''Terrorism:'' 2,996 persons (including 19 terrorists) died in the Terrorism, terrorist attacks of September 11 attacks, September 11, 2001.
* ''Biology:'' the DNA of the simplest viruses has 3,000 base pairs.
* ''Military history'': 4,200 (Republic) or 5,200 (Empire) was the standard size of a Roman legion.
* ''Linguistics:'' Estimates for the linguistic diversity of living human languages or dialects range between 5,000 and 10,000. (SIL Ethnologue in 2009 listed 6,909 known living languages.)
*''Astronomy – Catalogues:'' There are 7,840 deep-sky objects in the NGC Catalogue from 1888.
* ''Lexicography:'' 8,674 unique words in the Hebrew Bible.
104
(; 10,000, ten thousand or a myriad)
* ''Biology:'' Each neuron in the human brain is estimated to connect to 10,000 others.
* ''Demography:'' The population of Tuvalu was 10,544 in 2007.
* ''Lexicography:'' 14,500 unique English words occur in the King James Version of the Bible.
*''Zoology:'' There are approximately 17,500 distinct butterfly species known.
* ''Language:'' There are 20,000–40,000 distinct Chinese characters in more than occasional use.
* ''Biology:'' Each human being is estimated to have 20,000 Gene, coding genes.
* ''Grammar:'' Each regular verb in Cherokee language, Cherokee can have 21,262 inflected preposition, inflected forms.
* ''War:'' 22,717 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day of battle in American history.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' 42,720 characters are encoded in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, the most of any single public-use
Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ad ...
as of Unicode 14.0 (2021).
* ''Aviation:'' , 44,000+ airframes have been built of the Cessna 172, the List of most-produced aircraft, most-produced aircraft in history.
* ''Computing - Fonts:'' The maximum possible number of glyphs in a TrueType or OpenType font is 65,535 (2
16-1), the largest number representable by the 16-bit unsigned integer used to record the total number of glyphs in the font.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' A
plane
Plane(s) most often refers to:
* Aero- or airplane, a powered, fixed-wing aircraft
* Plane (geometry), a flat, 2-dimensional surface
Plane or planes may also refer to:
Biology
* Plane (tree) or ''Platanus'', wetland native plant
* ''Planes' ...
contains 65,536 (2
16) code points; this is also the maximum size of a
Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ad ...
, and the total number of code points available in the obsolete UCS-2 encoding.
* ''Mathematics:'' 65537 (number), 65,537 is the largest known Fermat prime.
* ''Memory:'' , the largest number of decimal places of Pi, π that have been recited from memory is 70,030.
105
![Woman with long brown hair, close-up view](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Woman_with_long_brown_hair%2C_close-up_view.jpg)
(; 100,000, one hundred thousand or a lakh).
* ''Demography:'' The population of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was 100,982 in 2009.
* ''Biology – Strands of hair on a head:'' The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of hair.
* ''Literature:'' approximately 100,000 verses (shlokas) in the ''Mahabharata''.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' 144,762 characters (including control characters) encoded in Unicode as of version 14.0 (2021).
* ''Language:'' 267,000 words in James Joyce's ''Ulysses (novel), Ulysses''.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' 288,512 code points assigned to a
Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ad ...
as of Unicode 14.0.
* ''Mathematics:'' 294,000 – The approximate number of entries in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences .
* ''Genocide:'' 300,000 people killed in the Rape of Nanking.
* ''Language – English words:'' The New Oxford Dictionary of English contains about 360,000 definitions for English language, English words.
* ''Biology – Plants:'' There are approximately 390,000 distinct plant species known, of which approximately 20% (or 78,000) are in risk of extinction.
*''Biology – Flowers:'' There are approximately 400,000 distinct flower species on Earth.
* ''Literature:'' 564,000 words in ''War and Peace'' by Leo Tolstoy.
* ''Literature:'' 930,000 words in the King James Version of the Bible.
* ''Mathematics:'' There are 933,120 possible combinations on the Pyraminx.
* ''Computing – Unicode:'' There are 974,530 publicly-assignable code points (i.e., not surrogates, private-use code points, or noncharacters) in Unicode.
106
![Pocket cube scrambled](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Pocket_cube_scrambled.jpg)
(; 1000
2;
long and short scales
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one 1,000,000, million)
ISO: mega- (M)
* ''Demography:'' The population of Riga, Latvia was 1,003,949 in 2004, according to Eurostat.
* ''Computing – UTF-8:'' There are 1,112,064 (2
20 + 2
16 - 2
11) valid UTF-8 sequences (excluding overlong sequences and sequences corresponding to code points used for
UTF-16
UTF-16 (16-bit computing, 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode (in fact this number of code points is dictated by the design of UTF-16). The encoding is variab ...
surrogates or code points beyond U+10FFFF).
* ''Computing –
UTF-16
UTF-16 (16-bit computing, 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode (in fact this number of code points is dictated by the design of UTF-16). The encoding is variab ...
/Unicode:'' There are 1,114,112 (2
20 + 2
16) distinct values encodable in
UTF-16
UTF-16 (16-bit computing, 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode (in fact this number of code points is dictated by the design of UTF-16). The encoding is variab ...
, and, thus (as Unicode is currently limited to the UTF-16 code space), 1,114,112 valid code points in Unicode (1,112,064 scalar values and 2,048 surrogates).
*''Ludology – Number of games:'' Approximately 1,181,019 video games have been created as of 2019.
* ''Biology – Species:'' The World Resources Institute claims that approximately 1.4 million species have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species). Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure.
* ''Genocide:'' Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 million) Armenians were killed in the Armenian genocide.
* ''Linguistics:'' The number of possible grammatical conjugation, conjugations for each verb in the Archi language is 1,502,839.
* ''Info:'' The freedb database of Compact Disc, CD track listings has around 1,750,000 entries .
* ''War:'' 1,857,619 casualties at the Battle of Stalingrad.
* ''Computing – UTF-8:'' 2,164,864 (2
21 + 2
16 + 2
11 + 2
7) possible one- to four-byte UTF-8 sequences, if the restrictions on overlong sequences, surrogate code points, and code points beyond U+10FFFF are ''not'' adhered to. (Note that not all of these correspond to unique code points.)
* ''Mathematics – Playing cards:'' There are 2,598,960 different 5-card poker hands that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck.
* ''Mathematics:'' There are 3,149,280 possible positions for the Skewb.
*''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' 3,674,160 is the number of combinations for the Pocket Cube (2×2×2 Rubik's Cube).
* ''Geography/Computing – Geographic places:'' The NIMA GEOnet Names Server contains approximately 3.88 million named geographic features outside the United States, with 5.34 million names. The USGS Geographic Names Information System claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States.
* ''Computing - Supercomputer hardware:'' 4,981,760 processor cores in the final configuration of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.
* ''Genocide:'' Approximately 5,100,000–6,200,000 Jews were killed in the Holocaust.
* ''Info – Web sites:'' As of , , the English Wikipedia contains approximately million articles in the English language.
107
![Pavage domino](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Pavage_domino.svg)
(; a crore;
long and short scales
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: 10,000,000, ten million)
* ''Demography:'' The population of Haiti was 10,085,214 in 2010.
* ''Literature:'' 11,206,310 words in Devta (novel), ''Devta'' by Mohiuddin Nawab, the longest continuously published story known in the history of literature.
* ''Genocide'': An estimated 12 million persons shipped from Africa to the New World in the Atlantic slave trade.
* ''Mathematics:'' 12,988,816 is the number of domino tilings of an 8×8 checkerboard.
* ''War:'' 15 to 22 million casualties estimated as a result of World War I.
* ''Genocide/Famine:'' 15 million is an estimated lower bound for the death toll of the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine, the deadliest known famine in human history.
* ''Computing:'' 16,777,216 different colors can be generated using the Web colors#Hex triplet, hex code system in HTML (note that the trichromacy, trichromatic color vision of the human eye can only distinguish between about an estimated 1,000,000 different colors).
* ''Science Fiction'': In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire (Isaac Asimov), Galactic Empire, in 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by humans in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario.
* ''Genocide/Famine:'' 55 million is an estimated upper bound for the death toll of the Great Chinese Famine.
* ''Literature:'' Wikipedia contains a total of around articles in list of Wikipedias, languages as of .
* ''War:'' 70 to 85 million casualties estimated as a result of World War II.
* ''Mathematics:'' 73,939,133 is the largest right-truncatable prime.
108
(;
long and short scales
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: 100,000,000, one hundred million)
* ''Demography:'' The population of the Philippines was 100,981,437 in 2015.
* ''Internet – YouTube:'' The number of YouTube channels is estimated to be 113.9 million.
* ''Info – Books:'' The British Library claims that it holds over 150 million items. The Library of Congress claims that it holds approximately 148 million items. See ''The Gutenberg Galaxy''.
* ''Video gaming:'' , approximately 200 million copies of ''Minecraft'' (the most-sold video game in history) have been sold.
* ''Mathematics:'' More than 215,000,000 mathematical constants are collected on the Simon Plouffe, Plouffe's Inverter .
* ''Mathematics:'' 275,305,224 is the number of 5×5 normal magic squares, not counting rotations and reflections. This result was found in 1973 by Richard Schroeppel.
*''Demography:'' The population of the United States was 328,239,523 in 2019.
* ''Mathematics:'' 358,833,097 stellations of the rhombic triacontahedron.
* ''Info – Web sites:'' , the Netcraft web survey estimates that there are 525,998,433 (526 million) distinct websites.
* ''Astronomy – Cataloged stars:'' The Guide Star Catalog II has entries on 998,402,801 distinct astronomical objects.
109
![World population v3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/World_population_v3.svg)
(; 1000
3;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one 1,000,000,000, billion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one thousand million, or one 1,000,000,000, milliard)
ISO: giga- (G)
* ''Demography:'' The population of Africa reached 1,000,000,000 sometime in 2009.
* ''Demographics – India:'' 1,381,000,000 – approximate population of India in 2020.
*''Transportation – Cars:'' , there are approximately 1.4 billion cars in the world, corresponding to around 18% of the human population.
* ''Demographics – China:'' 1,439,000,000 – approximate population of the People's Republic of China in 2020.
*''Internet – Google:'' There are more than 1,500,000,000 active Gmail users globally.
* ''Internet:'' Approximately 1,500,000,000 active users were on Facebook as of October 2015.
* ''Computing – Computational limit of a 32-bit Central processing unit, CPU'': 2147483647, 2,147,483,647 is equal to 2
31−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 32-bit integer on a computer.
* ''Computing – UTF-8:'' 2,147,483,648 (2
31) possible code points (U+0000 - U+7FFFFFFF) in the pre-2003 version of UTF-8 (including five- and six-byte sequences), before the UTF-8 code space was limited to the much smaller set of values encodable in
UTF-16
UTF-16 (16-bit computing, 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode (in fact this number of code points is dictated by the design of UTF-16). The encoding is variab ...
.
* ''Biology – base pairs in the genome:'' approximately 3.3 base pairs in the human genome.
* ''Linguistics'': 3,400,000,000 – the total number of speakers of Indo-European languages, of which 2,400,000,000 are native speakers; the other 1,000,000,000 speak Indo-European languages as a second language.
* ''Mathematics'' and ''computing'': 4294967295, 4,294,967,295 (2
32 − 1), the product of the five known Fermat primes and the maximum value for a 32-bit Integer (computer science), unsigned integer in computing.
* ''Computing – IPv4:'' 4,294,967,296 (2
32) possible unique IP addresses.
* ''Computing:'' 4,294,967,296 – the number of bytes in 4 gibibytes; in computation, 32-bit computers can directly access 2
32 units (bytes) of address space, which leads directly to the 4-gigabyte limit on main memory.
* ''Mathematics:'' 4,294,967,297 is a Fermat number and semiprime. It is the smallest number of the form
which is not a prime number.
* ''Demographics – world population:'' 8,000,000,000 – Estimated population for the world as of November 2022.
1010
(;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: ten 1,000,000,000, billion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: ten thousand million, or ten 1,000,000,000, milliard)
* ''Biology – bacteria in the human body:'' There are roughly 10
10 bacteria in the human mouth.
* ''Computing – web pages:'' approximately 5.6 web pages indexed by Google as of 2010.
1011
(;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one hundred 1,000,000,000, billion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: hundred thousand million, or hundred 1,000,000,000, milliard)
* ''Astronomy:'' There are 100 billion planets located in the Milky Way.
* ''Biology – Neurons in the brain:'' approximately (1±0.2) × 10
11 neurons in the human brain.
* ''Medicine:'' The United States Food and Drug Administration requires a minimum of 3 x 10
11 (300 billion) platelets per apheresis unit.
* ''Paleodemography – Number of humans that have ever lived'': approximately (1.2±0.3) × 10
11 live births of anatomically modern humans since the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic.
* ''Astronomy – stars in our galaxy:'' of the order of 10
11 stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
1012
![Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg)
(; 1000
4;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one trillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one billion)
ISO: tera- (T)
* ''Astronomy:'' Andromeda Galaxy, which is part of the same Local Group as Milky Way, our galaxy, contains about 10
12 stars.
* ''Biology – Bacteria on the human body:'' The surface of the human body houses roughly 10
12 bacteria.
* ''Astronomy – Galaxies'': A 2016 estimate says there are 2 × 10
12 list of galaxies, galaxies in the observable universe.
* ''Biology – Blood cells in the human body:'' The average human body has 2.5 × 10
12 red blood cells.
* ''Biology:'' An estimate says there were 3.04 × 10
12 trees on Earth in 2015.
* ''Marine biology'': 3,500,000,000,000 (3.5 × 10
12) – estimated population of fish in the ocean.
![IC 1101 in Abell 2029 (hst 06228 03 wfpc2 f702w pc)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/IC_1101_in_Abell_2029_%28hst_06228_03_wfpc2_f702w_pc%29.jpg)
* ''Mathematics'': 7,625,597,484,987 – a number that often appears when dealing with Exponentiation, powers of 3. It can be expressed as
,
,
,
and
33 or when using Knuth's up-arrow notation it can be expressed as
and
.
* ''Astronomy:'' A light-year, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, which is equivalent to about 9.46 Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012, trillion kilometers ().
* ''Mathematics:'' 10
13 – The approximate number of known non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function .
* ''Mathematics – Known digits of
π:'' , the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π).
* ''Biology'' – approximately 10
14 synapses in the human brain.
* ''Astronomy:'' IC 1101, a supergiant elliptical galaxy located inside the Abell 2029, Abell 2029 cluster, is estimated to have approximately 100 trillion (10
14) stars inside the galaxy, making it the largest known galaxy in the Observable universe, universe.
* ''Biology – Cells in the human body:'' The human body consists of roughly 10
14 cell (biology), cells, of which only 10
13 are human.
The remaining 90% non-human cells (though much smaller and constituting much less mass) are human flora, bacteria, which mostly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, although the skin is also covered in bacteria.
* ''Cryptography:'' 150,738,274,937,250 configurations of the plug-board of the Enigma machine used by the Germans in WW2 to encode and decode messages by cipher.
* ''Computing – MAC-48:'' 281,474,976,710,656 (2
48) possible unique physical addresses.
* ''Mathematics:'' 953,467,954,114,363 is the largest known Motzkin prime.
1015
![Ants eating01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Ants_eating01.jpg)
(; 1000
5;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one Names of large numbers, quadrillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one thousand billion, or one billiard)
ISO: peta- (P)
* ''Biology – Insects'': 1,000,000,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000,000,000 (10
15 to 10
16) – The estimated total number of ants on Earth alive at any one time (their Biomass (ecology), biomass is approximately equal to the total biomass of the human, human species).
* ''Computing:'' 9,007,199,254,740,992 (2
53) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE double precision floating-point format.
* ''Mathematics:'' 48,988,659,276,962,496 is the fifth taxicab number.
* ''Science Fiction'': In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire (Isaac Asimov), Galactic Empire, in what we call 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by humans in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario, each with an average population of 2,000,000,000, thus yielding a total Galactic Empire population of approximately 50,000,000,000,000,000.
* ''Science Fiction'': There are approximately 10
17 sentient beings in the ''Star Wars'' galaxy.
* ''Cryptography:'' There are 2
56 = 72,057,594,037,927,936 different possible keys in the obsolete 56-bit Data Encryption Standard, DES symmetric cipher.
1018
![Scrumbled Rubik's Cube](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Scrumbled_Rubik%27s_Cube.jpg)
(; 1000
6;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one quintillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one trillion)
ISO: exa- (E)
* ''Mathematics:'' Goldbach's conjecture has been Goldbach's conjecture#Verified results, verified for all ''n'' ≤ 4 by a project which computed all prime numbers up to that limit.
* ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' An estimated 6 transistors were produced worldwide in 2008.
* ''Computing – Computational limit of a 64-bit Central processing unit, CPU'': 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (about 9.22) is equal to 2
63−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 64-bit integer on a computer.
* ''Mathematics – NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, NCAA basketball tournament:'' There are 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 (2
63) possible ways to enter the Bracketology, bracket.
* ''Mathematics – Radix, Bases:'' 9,439,829,801,208,141,318 (≈9.44) is the 10th and (by conjecture) largest number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 18 using only the digits 0 to 9, meaning the digits for 10 to 17 are not needed in bases above 10.
* ''Biology – Insects:'' It has been estimated that the insect population of the Earth is about 10
19.
* ''Mathematics – Answer to the wheat and chessboard problem:'' When doubling the grains of wheat on each successive square of a chessboard, beginning with one grain of wheat on the first square, the final number of grains of wheat on all 64 squares of the chessboard when added up is 2
64−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84).
* ''Mathematics – Legends:'' The Tower of Brahma legend tells about a Hindu temple containing a large room with three posts, on one of which are 64 golden discs, and the object of the mathematical game is for the Brahmins in this temple to move all of the discs to another pole so that they are in the same order, never placing a larger disc above a smaller disc, moving only one at a time. Using the simplest algorithm for moving the disks, it would take 2
64−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84) turns to complete the task (the same number as the wheat and chessboard problem above).
* ''Computing – IPv6:'' 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2
64; ≈1.84) possible unique /64 subnetworks.
* ''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' There are 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (≈4.33) different positions of a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube.
* ''Password strength:'' Usage of the 95-character set found on standard computer keyboards for a 10-character password yields a computationally intractability (complexity), intractable 59,873,693,923,837,890,625 (95
10, approximately 5.99) permutations.
* ''Economics:'' Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe estimated in February 2009 by some economists at 10 sextillion percent, or a factor of 10
20.
1021
![Sudoku Puzzle by L2G-20050714 solution standardized layout](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Sudoku_Puzzle_by_L2G-20050714_solution_standardized_layout.svg)
(; 1000
7;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one sextillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one thousand trillion, or one trilliard)
ISO: zetta- (Z)
* ''Geo – Grains of sand:'' All the world's beaches combined have been estimated to hold roughly 10
21 grains of sand.
* ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' Intel predicted that there would be 1.2 transistors in the world by 2015 and Forbes estimated that 2.9 transistors had been shipped up to 2014.
* ''Mathematics – Sudoku:'' There are 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 (≈6.7) 9×9 sudoku grids.
* ''Astronomy – Stars:'' 70 sextillion = 7, the estimated number of stars within range of telescopes (as of 2003).
* ''Astronomy – Stars:'' in the range of 10
23 to 10
24 stars in the observable universe.
* ''Mathematics:'' 146,361,946,186,458,562,560,000 (≈1.5) is the fifth unitary perfect number.
* ''Mathematics:'' 357,686,312,646,216,567,629,137 (≈3.6) is the largest left-truncatable prime.
* ''Chemistry – Physics:'' The Avogadro constant () is the number of constituents (e.g. atoms or molecules) in one mole (unit), mole of a substance, defined for convenience as expressing the order of magnitude separating the molecular from the macroscopic scale.
1024
(; 1000
8;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one septillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one quadrillion)
ISO: yotta- (Y)
* ''Mathematics:'' 2,833,419,889,721,787,128,217,599 (≈2.8) is the fifth Woodall prime.
* ''Mathematics:'' 3,608,528,850,368,400,786,036,725 (≈3.6) is the largest polydivisible number.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2
86 = 77,371,252,455,336,267,181,195,264 is the largest known power of two not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation.
1027
(; 1000
9;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one octillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one thousand quadrillion, or one quadrilliard)
ISO: ronna- (R)
* ''Biology – Atoms in the human body:'' the average human body contains roughly 7 atoms.
* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' the number of unique combinations of hands and shared cards in a 10-player game of Texas hold 'em is approximately 2.117.
1030
![EscherichiaColi NIAID](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg)
(; 1000
10;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one nonillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one quintillion)
ISO: quetta- (Q)
* ''Biology – Bacterial cells on Earth:'' The number of bacterial cells on Earth is estimated at 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or 5 × 10
30.
* ''Mathematics:'' 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,027 is the largest v:quasi-minimal prime, quasi-minimal prime.
* ''Mathematics:'' The number of partition of a set, partitions of 1000 is 24,061,467,864,032,622,473,692,149,727,991.
* ''Mathematics:'' 3
68 = 278,128,389,443,693,511,257,285,776,231,761 is the largest known power of three not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2
108 = 324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 is the largest known power of two not containing the digit '9' in its decimal representation.
1033
(; 1000
11;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one decillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one thousand quintillion, or one quintilliard)
* ''Mathematics – Alexander's Star:'' There are 72,431,714,252,715,638,411,621,302,272,000,000 (about 7.24) different positions of Alexander's Star.
1036
(; 1000
12;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one undecillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one sextillion)
* ''Physics'': ''Coulomb's constant, k
e Elementary charge, e
2 / Gravitational constant, G
m2'', the ratio of the electromagnetic force, electromagnetic to the gravitational forces between two protons, is roughly 10
36.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2
27-1-1 = 170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727 (≈1.7) is the largest known double Mersenne prime.
* ''Computing:'' 2
128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367), the theoretical maximum number of Internet addresses that can be allocated under the IPv6 addressing system, one more than the largest value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value, the total number of different Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) that can be generated.
* ''Cryptography:'' 2
128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard, AES 128-bit key space (cryptography), key space (symmetric cipher).
1039
(; 1000
13;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one duodecillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one thousand sextillion, or one sextilliard)
* ''Cosmology:'' The Eddington–Dirac number is roughly 10
40.
* ''Mathematics:'' Primorial, 97# × 2
5 × 3
3 × 5 × 7 = 69,720,375,229,712,477,164,533,808,935,312,303,556,800 (≈6.97) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 100.
1042 to 10100
(; 1000
14;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: one tredecillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: one septillion)
* ''Mathematics:'' 141×2
141+1 = 393,050,634,124,102,232,869,567,034,555,427,371,542,904,833 (≈3.93) is the second Cullen prime.
* ''Mathematics:'' There are 7,401,196,841,564,901,869,874,093,974,498,574,336,000,000,000 (≈7.4) possible permutations for the Rubik's Revenge (4×4×4 Rubik's Cube).
![ChessStartingPosition](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/ChessStartingPosition.jpg)
* ''Chess'': 4.52 is a proven upper bound for the number of legal chess positions.
* ''Geo'': 1.33 is the estimated number of atoms in Earth.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2
168 = 374,144,419,156,711,147,060,143,317,175,368,453,031,918,731,001,856 is the largest known power of two which is not Pandigital number, pandigital: There is no digit '2' in its decimal representation.
* ''Mathematics:'' 3
106 = 375,710,212,613,636,260,325,580,163,599,137,907,799,836,383,538,729 is the largest known power of three which is not pandigital: There is no digit '4'.
* ''Mathematics:'' 808,017,424,794,512,875,886,459,904,961,710,757,005,754,368,000,000,000 (≈8.08) is the Order (group theory), order of the monster group.
* ''Cryptography:'' 2
192 = 6,277,101,735,386,680,763,835,789,423,207,666,416,102,355,444,464,034,512,896 (6.27710174), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard, AES 192-bit key space (cryptography), key space (symmetric cipher).
* ''Cosmology:'' 8 is roughly the number of Planck time intervals since the universe is theorised to have been created in the Big Bang 13.799 ± 0.021 1000000000 (number), billion years ago.
* ''Cosmology:'' 1 is Archimedes' estimate in ''The Sand Reckoner'' of the total number of grains of sand that could fit into the entire cosmos, the diameter of which he estimated in stadion (unit), stadia to be what we call 2 light-years.
* ''Mathematics – Cards:'' 52factorial, ! = 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 (≈8.07) – the number of ways to order the Playing card, cards in a 52-card deck.
* ''Mathematics:'' There are ≈1.01×10
68 possible combinations for the Megaminx.
* ''Mathematics:'' 1,808,422,353,177,349,564,546,512,035,512,530,001,279,481,259,854,248,860,454,348,989,451,026,887 (≈1.81) – The largest known prime factor found by Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization, ECM factorization .
* ''Mathematics:'' There are 282,870,942,277,741,856,536,180,333,107,150,328,293,127,731,985,672,134,721,536,000,000,000,000,000 (≈2.83) possible permutations for the Professor's Cube (5×5×5 Rubik's Cube).
* ''Cryptography:'' 2
256 = 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665,640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 (≈1.15792089), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard, AES 256-bit key space (cryptography), key space (symmetric cipher).
* ''Cosmology:'' Various sources estimate the total number of fundamental particles in the observable universe to be within the range of 10
80 to 10
85.
[WMAP- Content of the Universe](_blank)
. Map.gsfc.nasa.gov (2010-04-16). Retrieved on 2011-05-01. However, these estimates are generally regarded as guesswork. (Compare the Eddington number, the estimated total number of protons in the observable universe.)
* ''Computing:'' 9.999 999 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal32 floating-point format.
* ''Computing:'' 69! (roughly 1.7112245), is the highest factorial value that can be represented on a calculator with two digits for powers of ten without overflow.
* ''Mathematics:'' One googol, 1, 1 followed by one hundred zeros, or 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
10100 (one googol) to 101000
(;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: ten duotrigintillion;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: ten thousand sexdecillion, or ten sexdecillard)
* ''Mathematics:'' There are 157 152 858 401 024 063 281 013 959 519 483 771 508 510 790 313 968 742 344 694 684 829 502 629 887 168 573 442 107 637 760 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.57) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 6 (6×6×6 Rubik's Cube).
* ''Chess:'' Shannon number, 10
120, a lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess.
* ''Physics:'' 10
120, Cosmological constant problem, discrepancy between the observed value of the cosmological constant and a naive estimate based on Quantum Field Theory and the Planck energy.
* ''Physics:'' 8, ratio of the mass-energy in the observable universe to the energy of a photon with a wavelength the size of the observable universe.
* ''Mathematics:'' 19 568 584 333 460 072 587 245 340 037 736 278 982 017 213 829 337 604 336 734 362 294 738 647 777 395 483 196 097 971 852 999 259 921 329 236 506 842 360 439 300 (≈1.96) is the period of Fermat pseudoprime, primary pretenders.
* ''History – Religion:'' Asaṃkhyeya is a Buddhism, Buddhist name for the number 10
140. It is listed in the Avatamsaka Sutra and metaphorically means "innumerable" in the Sanskrit language of History of India, ancient India.
* ''Xiangqi:'' 10
150, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of xiangqi.
* ''Mathematics:'' There are 19 500 551 183 731 307 835 329 126 754 019 748 794 904 992 692 043 434 567 152 132 912 323 232 706 135 469 180 065 278 712 755 853 360 682 328 551 719 137 311 299 993 600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.95) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 7 (7×7×7 Rubik's Cube).
![FloorGoban](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/FloorGoban.JPG)
* ''Go:'' There are 208 168 199 381 979 984 699 478 633 344 862 770 286 522 453 884 530 548 425 639 456 820 927 419 612 738 015 378 525 648 451 698 519 643 907 259 916 015 628 128 546 089 888 314 427 129 715 319 317 557 736 620 397 247 064 840 935 (≈2.08) legal positions in the game of Go. See Go and mathematics.
* ''Economics:'' The annualized rate of the Hungarian pengő#Hyperinflation, hyperinflation in Hungary in 1946 was estimated to be 2.9%. It was the most extreme case of hyperinflation ever recorded.
* ''Board games:'' 3.457, number of ways to arrange the tiles in English-language Scrabble, English Scrabble on a standard 15-by-15 Scrabble board.
* ''Physics:'' 10
186, approximate number of Planck volumes in the observable universe.
* ''Shogi:'' 10
226, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of shogi.
* ''Physics:'' 7, approximate spacetime volume of the history of the observable universe in Planck units.
* ''Computing:'' 1.797 693 134 862 315 807 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE double precision floating-point format.
* ''Computing:'' (10 – 10
−15) is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal64 floating-point format.
* ''Mathematics:'' Primorial, 997# × 31# × 2
5 × 3
4 × 5
4 × 7 = 7 128 865 274 665 093 053 166 384 155 714 272 920 668 358 861 885 893 040 452 001 991 154 324 087 581 111 499 476 444 151 913 871 586 911 717 817 019 575 256 512 980 264 067 621 009 251 465 871 004 305 131 072 686 268 143 200 196 609 974 862 745 937 188 343 705 015 434 452 523 739 745 298 963 145 674 982 128 236 956 232 823 794 011 068 809 262 317 708 861 979 540 791 247 754 558 049 326 475 737 829 923 352 751 796 735 248 042 463 638 051 137 034 331 214 781 746 850 878 453 485 678 021 888 075 373 249 921 995 672 056 932 029 099 390 891 687 487 672 697 950 931 603 520 000 (≈7.13) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 1000.
101000 to 1010100 (one googolplex)
* ''Mathematics:'' There are approximately 1.869 distinguishable permutations of the world's largest Rubik's cube (33×33×33).
* ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 05 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE 80-bit x86 extended precision floating-point format.
* ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 085 759 326 628 007 0 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE quadruple-precision floating-point format.
* ''Computing:'' (10 – 10
−33) is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal128 floating-point format.
* ''Computing:'' 10
10,000 − 1 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in Windows Phone's calculator.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2638
4405 + 4405
2638 is a 15,071-digit Leyland number, Leyland prime; the largest which has been proven .
* ''Mathematics:'' 3,756,801,695,685 × 2
666,669 ± 1 are 200,700-digit twin primes; the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' 18,543,637,900,515 × 2
666,667 − 1 is a 200,701-digit Sophie Germain prime; the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' approximately 7.76 × 10
206,544 cattle in the smallest herd which satisfies the conditions of Archimedes's cattle problem.
* ''Mathematics:'' 10
474,500 + 999 × 10
237,249 + 1 is a 474,501-digit palindromic prime, the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' 2,996,863,034,895 × 2
1,290,000±1 are 388,342-digit twin primes; the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' 1,098,133# – 1 is a 476,311-digit primorial prime; the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' 208,003! − 1 is a 1,015,843-digit factorial prime; the largest known .
* ''Mathematics – Literature:'' Jorge Luis Borges' Library of Babel contains at least 25
1,312,000 ≈ 1.956 × 10
1,834,097 books (this is a lower bound).
* ''Mathematics:'' 4 × 72
1,119,849 − 1 is the smallest prime of the form 4×72
''n''−1
* ''Mathematics:'' (2
15,135,397+1)/3 is a 4,556,209-digit Wagstaff prime, Wagstaff probable prime, the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' 1,059,094
1,048,576 + 1 is a 6,317,602-digit Generalized Fermat prime, the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' (10
8,177,207−1)/9 is a 8,177,207-digit probable prime, the largest known .
* ''Mathematics:'' 10,223 × 2
31,172,165 + 1 is a 9,383,761-digit Proth prime, the largest known Proth prime and non-Mersenne prime .
![Digits in largest prime found as a function of time](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Digits_in_largest_prime_found_as_a_function_of_time.svg)
* ''Mathematics:'' 2
82,589,933 − 1 is a 24,862,048-digit Mersenne prime; the largest known prime of any kind .
[Chris Caldwell]
The Top Twenty: Largest Known Primes
at The Prime Pages.
* ''Mathematics:'' 2
82,589,932 × (2
82,589,933 − 1) is a 49,724,095-digit perfect number, the largest known as of 2020.
* ''Mathematics – History:'' 10
8×1016, largest named number in Archimedes' ''The Sand Reckoner, Sand Reckoner''.
* ''Mathematics:'' 10
googol (
), a googolplex. A number 1 followed by 1 googol zeros. Carl Sagan has estimated that 1 googolplex, fully written out, would not fit in the observable universe because of its size, while also noting that one could also write the number as 10
10100.
Larger than 1010100
(One googolplex; 10
googol;
short scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer power of 10, powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one m ...
: googolplex;
long scale
The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes.
For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the ...
: googolplex)
* ''Mathematics – Literature:'' The number of different ways in which the books in Jorge Luis Borges' The Library of Babel, Library of Babel can be arranged is approximately
, the factorial of the number of books in the Library of Babel.
* ''Cosmology:'' In Chaotic Inflation theory, chaotic inflation theory, proposed by physicist Andrei Linde, our universe is one of many other universes with different physical constants that originated as part of our local section of the Multiverse#Bubble theory, multiverse, owing to a vacuum that had not decayed to its ground state. According to Linde and Vanchurin, the total number of these universes is about
.
* ''Mathematics:''
, order of magnitude of an upper bound that occurred in a Skewes' number, proof of Skewes (this was later estimated to be closer to 1.397 × 10
316).
*''Cosmology:'' The estimated number of Planck time, Planck time units for quantum fluctuations and quantum tunnelling, tunnelling to generate a new Big Bang is estimated to be
.
* ''Mathematics:''
, a number in Names of large numbers#The googol family, the googol family called a googolplexplex, googolplexian, or googolduplex. 1 followed by a googolplex zeros, or 10
googolplex
*''Cosmology:'' The uppermost estimate to the size of the entire universe is approximately
times that of the observable universe.
* ''Mathematics:''
, order of magnitude of another upper bound in a proof of Stanley Skewes, Skewes.
* ''Mathematics:''
, a number in Names of large numbers#The googol family, the googol family called a googolplexplexplex, googolplexianth, or googoltriplex. 1 followed by a googolduplex zeros, or 10
googolduplex
* ''Mathematics:'' Steinhaus' Steinhaus–Moser notation#Mega, mega lies between 10[4]257 and 10[4]258 (where ''a''[''n'']''b'' is hyperoperation).
* ''Mathematics:'' Moser's number, "2 in a mega-gon" in Steinhaus–Moser notation, is approximately equal to 10[10[4]257]10, the last four digits are ...1056.
* ''Mathematics:'' Graham's number, the last ten digits of which are ...2464195387, equals 3[3[3[...3[3[3[6]3+2]3+2]3...]3+2]3+2]3 with 64 levels of brackets. Arises as an upper bound solution to a problem in Ramsey theory. Representation in powers of 10 would be impractical (the number of 10s in the power tower
would be virtually indistinguishable from the number itself).
* ''Mathematics:'' Kruskal's tree theorem, TREE(3): appears in relation to a theorem on trees in graph theory. Representation of the number is difficult, but one weak lower bound is ''A''
''A''(187196)(1), where A(n) is a version of the Ackermann function.
* ''Mathematics:'' Friedman's SSCG function, SSCG(3): appears in relation to the Robertson–Seymour theorem. Known to be greater than TREE(3).
* ''Mathematics:'' Transcendental integers: a set of numbers defined in 2000 by Harvey Friedman, appears in proof theory.
* ''Mathematics:'' Rayo's number is a large number named after Agustín Rayo which has been claimed to be the largest number to have ever been named. It was originally defined in a "big number duel" at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT on 26 January 2007.
See also
* Conway chained arrow notation
* Wikipedia:Size comparisons, Encyclopedic size comparisons on Wikipedia
* Fast-growing hierarchy
* Indian numbering system
* Large numbers
* List of numbers
* Mathematical constant
* Names of large numbers
* Names of small numbers
* Power of 10
References
External links
* Seth Lloyd's pape
''Computational capacity of the universe''provides a number of interesting dimensionless quantities.
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Numbers)
Orders of magnitude, Numbers